After reviewing dozens of previous studies regarding the use of antioxidant supplements such as vitamins A and E, and beta-carotene, a supplements industry expert said the Journal of the American Medical Association study was fatally flawed.

"Our findings contradict the findings of observational studies claiming that antioxidants improve health."

"Considering that 10% to 20% of the adult population in Europe and North America may consume the supplements, the public health consequences may be substantial."

They said there were several different explanations for this increase in risk - and suggested that knocking out 'free radicals' might actually interfere with a natural defence mechanism within the body.